Energy-Efficient Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT: Challenges and Innovations

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) form the backbone of the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling real-time data collection and analysis across diverse applications. However, the energy constraints of sensor nodes pose significant challenges to the long-term functionality and scalability of IoT systems. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of energy-efficient protocols for WSNs in IoT, addressing challenges such as energy harvesting, routing efficiency, and data aggregation. It also explores recent innovations, including machine learning-driven protocols, adaptive duty cycling, and energy-aware MAC layers. The discussion highlights the potential of these advancements to enhance the sustainability and performance of IoT deployments.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788199565401.2026.129-133