Unravelling Acid Sulfate Soils: Challenges and Strategies for Sustainable Management

Abstract

Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are a complex soil type characterized by the presence of iron sulfides, predominantly pyrite (FeS₂). These soils are typically found in coastal and estuarine environments, wetlands, and floodplains. The inherent properties of ASS can lead to the development of acidic conditions upon disturbance, resulting in the mobilization of toxic metals such as aluminum and iron. This mobilization poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, contributes to infrastructure corrosion, and diminishes agricultural productivity. Effective management strategies for acid sulfate soils are crucial to mitigate their negative impacts. Key approaches include avoiding soil disturbance to prevent oxidation, implementing water management techniques to maintain stable conditions, and applying lime to neutralize acidity. Additionally, establishing vegetative covers can help reduce soil erosion and further protect these vulnerable environments. Understanding the dynamics of acid sulfate soils is essential for developing sustainable land use practices and preserving ecosystem health. Continued research is necessary to refine management techniques and assess the long-term effects of various interventions on soil chemistry and ecology. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the formation, impact, and management of acid sulfate soils, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and land managers engaged in coastal and wetland conservation efforts.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788199956070.2026.88-91