Biological Control Strategies in Plant Disease Management

Abstract

Plant diseases pose a significant threat to global agricultural productivity, leading to substantial economic losses and environmental impacts from chemical pesticides. Biological control strategies, which leverage natural enemies of pathogens, present an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to chemical-based disease management. This approach utilizes antagonistic microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, to suppress plant pathogens through competition, parasitism, and induction of host resistance.

Key biological control agents include Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas fluorescens, which have demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of plant pathogens. These agents not only inhibit pathogen growth but also enhance plant vigor and immunity. Recent advancements in molecular biology and biotechnology have facilitated the development of more effective bio-control products by unraveling the mechanisms of pathogen suppression and plant-microbe interactions.

Integrating biological control into holistic plant disease management systems offers numerous advantages, such as reduced pesticide residues, preservation of beneficial soil microbes, and improved environmental health. However, challenges such as inconsistent field performance, limited shelf life, and mass production constraints must be addressed to ensure wider adoption.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788199956032.2026.98-111