Loss of Agricultural Biodiversity: A Growing Threat in the Era of Climate Change

Abstract

Agricultural biodiversity, the variety of crops, livestock, and microorganisms essential for food production, is under severe threat due to the escalating impacts of climate change. Rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are disrupting ecosystems, reducing the resilience of agricultural systems, and leading to the loss of vital genetic resources. This decline in biodiversity undermines food security, as monocultures and genetically uniform crops become more vulnerable to pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions. Traditional crop varieties and indigenous livestock breeds, which possess unique adaptive traits, are disappearing at an alarming rate, further eroding the genetic pool necessary for future agricultural adaptation. Climate change exacerbates these challenges by altering habitats, reducing pollinator populations, and intensifying land-use pressures. The loss of agricultural biodiversity not only threatens global food supplies but also impacts livelihoods, particularly in developing regions where smallholder farmers rely heavily on diverse cropping systems. Urgent action is needed to conserve genetic resources, promote sustainable farming practices, and integrate traditional knowledge with modern science. Strategies such as seed banks, agroecological farming, and policy frameworks supporting biodiversity conservation are critical to mitigating these risks. Addressing the loss of agricultural biodiversity is essential for building resilient food systems capable of withstanding the uncertainties of a changing climate, ensuring long-term food security, and preserving the cultural heritage tied to agricultural practices.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788199956032.2026.56-68