MICROBIAL BIOREMEDIATION OF METALLOIDCONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS: A SHORT REVIEW ON REMOVAL BY MICROORGANISMS

Abstract

The permanence, bioavailability, and toxicity of metal ions make heavy metal contamination a serious environmental problem. Even though chemical and physical remediation methods have been around for a while, they frequently have drawbacks. The application of living organisms for environmental cleanup, or bioremediation, has drawn more attention. Microorganism-based biotechnological methods have previously demonstrated notable progress and are still being developed; different microbial strains can efficiently eliminate heavy metals. The main traits of heavy metals and how they interact with microbes are examined in this research. It describes the fundamentals and varieties of bioremediation techniques, including successful pilot-scale bioreactor investigations, and highlights the mechanisms underlying microbial resistance. Due to their innate resistance mechanisms and natural adaptation to pollution, special attention is paid to native bacteria that have been isolated from contamination. Additional benefits of using bacterial biofilms or consortia include increased resilience and the capacity to utilize several metabolic pathways, which allows for the remediation of multiple heavy metals at once. It also explores how emerging technologies like metagenomics, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology hold promise for enhancing bioremediation procedures. To sum up, bioremediation is a very viable and sustainable way to deal with heavy metal pollution and improve the health of the ecosystem.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198800473.2025.484-494