MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF LUNG CANCER: DYSREGULATION OF PROTO-ONCOGENE AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE

Abstract

Lung cancer remains a critical public health challenge, representing the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Lungcanceraccounts for approximately 20%of all cancer deaths, translating to around 1.6 million fatalities annually. The two primary classifications of lung cancer are small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), with NSCLC comprising approximately 85% of cases. Key driver mutations in genes such as EGFR, KRAS, MET, HER2, BRAF, ROS1 and NTRK have been identified as pivotal in the development of NSCLC. In addition to genetic alterations, various signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK contribute significantly to tumor grow than dsurvival mechanisms in lungsqua mous cellcar cinoma.Through altering chromatin structures and the specific expression of genes, epigenetic modifications in lung cancerplay a significantrole incelltrans for mation. These in clued DNA methy lation, histone and chromatin protein modification, and micro-RNA, all of which suppress tumor suppressor genes while promotingthe expression of on cogenes.Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind lung cancer presents signify cant opportunities for enhancingearly detection and develop ping targeted therapies.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198800473.2025.346-358