DEFENDER OF THE GENOME: UNRAVELLING THE MECHANISM OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (tsgs)

Abstract

So, it’s almost to our knowledge that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) which makes the cell division slow and functions the cell that when they will die. They are regulating processes like DNA damage repair, checking the cell cycle and genomics stability etc. Inactivation or mutations of these genes play a critical role in cancer growth because they result in the loss of regulatory mechanisms, allowing for unregulated cell division and genetic damage accumulation. Suppose a mutation inactivates a tumor suppressor gene, the protein it encodes is either not generated or does not function effectively, which can result in uncontrolled cell division. If we talk about the complex mechanisms of TSGs which are evaluated in this study, recognition is given to crucial members such as TP53, RB1, BRCA1/BRCA2 and PTEN. In this review, there’s a more about the various classes of TSGs into caretakers, gatekeepers, and landscapers by illuminating their functions into various cellular pathways. On top of that, new and modified medication options for TSG pathways, including as gene therapy and synthetic lethality are in the process of establishment. Therefore, we get a better understanding of TSGs mechanism and mutational changes which assists the progress for better cancer diagnostics, prognosis, and precision therapy.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198800473.2025.333-345