ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON BHUMI AMLA (PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI)

Abstract

An international public health concern brought on by the abuse and overuse of antibiotics is antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It makes it harder to treat infections, which can result in fatalities, severe illness, and disability. Just 25% of the antibiotics on the market today have novel mechanisms against important diseases, indicating that antibiotic discovery is progressing slowly. Novel antibacterial chemicals may be developed from the secondary metabolites of traditional medicinal plants. Safe and efficient antibacterial chemotherapies can be developed using these substances, which frequently have potent antimicrobial action. In herbal medicine systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian Ayurveda, and Indonesian Jamu, P. niruri has a long history. Among the conditions for which the entire plant is used as a treatment are dyspepsia, influenza, vaginitis, tumours, diabetes, diuretics, jaundice, kidney stones, and dysentery. In this study, Phyllanthus Niruri leaves were extracted using a variety of solvents, including petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanolic, and aqueous; physicochemical evaluation was determined; ash values were estimated; and phytochemical evaluation was conducted, involving the measurement of sugars, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, proteins, and terpenes. The plant’s water and ethanol extracts were made by the help of soxhlet apparatus, the solvent extraction method. And its antibacterial activity against eleven clinical isolates was examined using the agar well diffusion method. This review highlights the present understanding of P. niruri’s antimicrobial capabilities, emphasising its phytochemical makeup, modes of action, and effectiveness against a variety of infections. It seeks to provide light on its possible use as a natural antibacterial.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198800473.2025.142-150