Exploring the Function of EAP Protein in Biofilm Formation and Bacterial Pathogenesis

Abstract

Extracellular Adherence Protein (EAP) is a surface-associated protein found in various bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. EAP plays a crucial role in bacterial adherence to host tissues, contributing to the establishment of infections. Structurally, EAP consists of multiple domains that facilitate its interaction with host cell receptors and extracellular matrix components. Its ability to mediate bacterial attachment to epithelial cells and evade immune responses is essential for virulence. EAP also influences biofilm formation, a critical factor in bacterial persistence and resistance to antimicrobial treatments. This review examines the structure, function, and significance of EAP in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. EAP’s involvement in immune modulation, bacterial aggregation, and tissue colonization underscores its potential as a target for therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting bacterial adhesion and preventing infection. Understanding the structure-function relationship of EAP is essential for developing interventions to combat S. aureus and other EAP-expressing pathogens.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.281-289