Structural and Functional Characterization of Pili P Protein in Escherichia coli

Abstract

Pili P, a type of pili found on the surface of Escherichia coli, plays a crucial role in the bacterial adherence to host tissues, contributing to the pathogenesis of various infections. This review aims to explore the structure, function, and role of Pili P in E. coli, highlighting its importance in bacterial colonization and virulence. Pili P are composed of protein subunits that assemble into hair-like structures, which facilitate adherence to epithelial cells and the formation of biofilms. This interaction is essential for the survival and persistence of E. coli in hostile environments, including the urinary tract, where it can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs). The structure of Pili P involves an intricate arrangement of pilin subunits, with adhesins at the tip that mediate specific binding to host cell receptors. Additionally, the role of pili in the process of bacterial invasion, immune evasion, and resistance to host defense mechanisms is discussed. The review also covers recent advancements in understanding the molecular interactions between Pili P and host cells, as well as ongoing research aimed at targeting Pili P as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating E. coli-related infections. Understanding the structural dynamics and function of Pili P in E. coli can provide valuable insights for developing new antimicrobial agents and treatment strategies.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.266-272