Advancements in modern biotechnological approaches for combating HIV infection

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a major global health threat, affecting millions of individuals. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made substantial progress in managing the infection, a complete cure remains elusive. This review focuses on the latest advancements in biotechnological strategies aimed at combating HIV. Promising approaches include the development of therapeutic vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and RNA interference. Therapeutic vaccines are being designed to enhance immune responses, while monoclonal antibodies, particularly broadly neutralizing ones, target viral replication. RNA interference, utilizing small interfering RNA (siRNA), is being explored to silence essential viral genes and reduce viral burden. Furthermore, gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 offer potential for the targeted removal of HIV from infected cells. This review highlights the mechanisms and ongoing research surrounding these innovative technologies, evaluating their potential to overcome the challenges of current HIV treatments and bringing us closer to a cure.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.217-242