Significance of gut microbiota in human health and illness

Abstract

The immune system and commensal microbiota are constantly interacting, with the former teaching the latter how to react to antigens. The human gut is home to a diverse range of microorganisms that are now understood to be important for the human host by controlling immunological homeostasis and metabolic processes. Manipulation of the intestinal microbiota has been shown to change host immune cell homeostasis in mouse studies. Furthermore, metagenomic-sequencing analysis has shown that patients with obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease have different gut flora. A weakened immune response and decreased tolerance to commensal microbes are the outcomes of disruptions in the composition of the microbiota. A number of tactics, including probiotic medication, nutrition, and antibiotic use, have been used to prevent or treat chronic inflammatory disorders because of the changed microbiota composition linked to certain inflammatory diseases. Presenting and discussing current data demonstrating that the gut microbiota regulates immune system activity is the aim of this study.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.170-180