Engineering heart health: Biotechnology’s innovation in cardiovascular disease management

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide, presenting a significant challenge to healthcare systems. Recent advancements in biotechnology are transforming the management of CVDs, offering innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This review explores key biotechnological innovations, including gene therapy, regenerative medicine, precision medicine, and advanced diagnostics. Gene-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 are promising in treating genetic cardiovascular conditions, while stem cell therapy and tissue engineering enable heart tissue repair. Precision medicine allows for more targeted treatments, and new diagnostic tools, enhanced by artificial intelligence, are improving early detection and risk assessment. Bioengineering has also led to the development of advanced cardiovascular devices, such as biocompatible stents and artificial hearts. Despite these advancements, challenges such as high costs, technical limitations, and ethical concerns remain. The integration of nanotechnology, 3D printing, and digital health tools could further revolutionize cardiovascular care. In conclusion, biotechnology holds immense potential to improve CVD management, reduce healthcare burdens, and enhance patient outcomes through personalized, innovative therapies.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.146-169