Anticancer Properties Of Selenium: Mechanisms, Applications, And Future Perspectives

Abstract

Selenium, a crucial trace element, has garnered attention for its potential to inhibit cancer. Its various biological effects, including redox regulation, immunological modulation, and selective cytotoxicity, render it a cancer preventive and therapeutic agent. Selenium compounds such as selenomethionine, selenite, and selenium nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to induce apoptosis, suppress cell proliferation, and modify oxidative stress pathways in breast, prostate, and lung malignancies. Evidence indicates that selenium functions synergistically with selenoproteins, as these molecules support cellular homeostasis and inhibit tumor development, hence augmenting selenium’s anticancer efficacy. Toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, inconsistent bioavailability, and varying clinical outcomes provide challenges that necessitate further exploration. This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of action for the anticancer effects of Selenium, its clinical indications, and future prospects, particularly focusing on Selenium-based nanotherapeutics and their application in personalized medicine.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.30-45