A Comparative Analysis of Bioremediation Technique for Treating Industrial Wastewater

Abstract

The rise in heavy metal concentrations in wastewater can be attributed to industrial and developmental activities, coupled with inadequate treatment before disposal, leading to considerable environmental issues. Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal commonly used across various industries, including paint, batteries, electroplating, tanneries, paper and pulp mills, textile mills, smelting, and mining. As a result, significant amounts of lead are produced during the disposal of wastewater from these companies. The potential bioavailability of lead poses a significant health risk to children, resulting in cognitive impairment. The removal of this heavy metal from industrial effluents is essential before their release into the environment and natural land or water. Lead remediation in industrial wastewater is carried out using a range of conventional techniques. The main limitations of these methods are their limited effectiveness and lack of adequate technical knowledge. The widespread acceptance and cost-effectiveness of microbial lead treatment for industrial wastewater have recently surfaced as a practical alternative. Utilizing biotechnological techniques for the recovery of metals from effluents rich in heavy metals released into ponds is advisable. Microorganisms can effectively remove heavy metals by encapsulating them within their cell membranes. Hazardous metals can be eliminated or converted into harmless molecules through the process of bioremediation. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the function of microbial remediation in the management of industrial wastewater.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788198471956.2025.7-16